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If you have been told your pain is stress or ageing while your scans are clear, here is the evidence that pain without visible damage is real and recognised.

Brain Fog Explained, What Cognition Actually Means Meta Description: Attention, concentration, memory, all different things happening in different parts of the brain. Here is what each term actually means

Brain fog in perimenopause is real, measurable and usually temporary. Here is what is happening in your brain, and when it settles.

When sleep breaks down in perimenopause, your hunger hormones follow. This is the science behind the midnight cravings — and why it is not about willpower.

A glass of wine helps you fall asleep, then wakes you at 2am. Here is what alcohol does to sleep in perimenopause and the experiment worth doing

Tired, fatigued, sleepy and burnt out are not the same in perimenopause. Here is the difference and what to ask your GP to investigate

Sleep apnoea and restless legs syndrome both increase after menopause and both are underdiagnosed in women. Here is what to watch for and what to ask your GP

Menopause shifts your internal body clock by about an hour. Most women reach for melatonin. Here is why that is unlikely to help and what the evidence actually supports.

Waking between 2 and 4am in perimenopause is a hormonal event. Here is what current research says about cortisol, sleep fragmentation, and the tired-but-wired feeling

Not all progesterone is the same. Australian research explains why body-identical micronised progesterone improves sleep and synthetic versions often do not.

Sleep changes in perimenopause go deeper than broken nights. Here is what happens to your sleep stages and why it matters for your health.

Hot flushes and night sweats treatment: MHT, non-hormonal medications, the newer NK3 drugs, and mind-body options. What the evidence says, and what to ask your GP.

Night sweats in menopause: why they happen, why some women only get them at night, the link to broken sleep, and when to see your GP. Plus what actually helps.

How long do hot flushes last — both each episode and over the years? The real duration, why they can last into your sixties, and what differs between women.

What is a hot flush, what it feels like, and what is actually happening in your brain when one hits. The real science behind menopause hot flushes.

Patches, gels, tablets, vaginal preparations, pellets. The way you take MHT changes how it works in your body. Here is how each compares.

f you have had a hysterectomy, you probably have been told you only need oestrogen. The conversation about progesterone is changing.

Hormone therapy after 60 is not one conversation. Vaginal oestrogen has no age cutoff. Systemic MHT depends on vessels and overall health, not birthday.

"You are too young." "Your periods are normal." "Your bloods are fine." Why none of these rule out perimenopause — and what the current guidance actually says.

Body-identical, bioidentical, synthetic, compounded. Four words for hormone therapy that mean very different things. Here is what each one is.