Widespread aches in menopause have a real mechanism. Here is how falling oestrogen and a sensitised pain system work, why women carry more, and what helps.

Oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone and prolactin all change how you feel pain. Here is the human evidence, and what it means as hormones shift in menopause.

If you have been told your pain is stress or ageing while your scans are clear, here is the evidence that pain without visible damage is real and recognised.